Navigating the complexities of mental health can be challenging, particularly when it comes to understanding the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders. While they are distinct conditions, overlapping symptoms can cause significant distress and lead to confusion on what to treat and how to support an individual and their family best. We recognize that this is a very complex relationship and requires accurate assessment. Furthermore, a level of individualization is key to achieving success because what is helpful for one may not be helpful for all. 

Adolescent anxiety is a common issue that many young students face during their teenage years. However, when these students are also diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, the treatment and management of their anxiety may differ. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. It is important to consider how this diagnosis may impact the way those with ASD experience and cope with anxiety.

An astounding 50 percent of those diagnosed with Autism suffer from severe social anxiety compared with only 7-13 percent of the general population. Adolescents experiencing social anxiety may  avoid social situations due to a fear of perceived judgment,  while those with autism may have different challenges in social settings such as difficulty reading social cues and sensory overwhelm.  

Per The Anxiety and Depression Association of America, there are some common overlapping presentations between ASD and Anxiety Disorders: 

• A severe, specific, and irrational phobia
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Intense fear of being judged in social situations, or social anxiety
• Separation anxiety
• Severe distress about changes to a routine or environment

Research has shown that individuals with ASD may have difficulty recognizing and expressing emotions, which can complicate the presentation of anxiety symptoms. This can make it challenging for healthcare providers to accurately assess and address the specific needs of these students. Traditional  treatment methods for anxiety may not be as effective for those with ASD, requiring a more tailored approach.

How do we navigate this fine line of treating anxiety coupled with ASD here at Cascade Programs? First, we identify their strengths and interests, taking careful consideration of areas in which they thrive and identify ways we can promote strength-based learning. We then assess their individual needs, history, and level of support needed. Treatment plan goals are created and informed by strengths, needs and the individual goals that are important to the student. Accommodations are made as necessary to promote independence and engagement, such as sensory breaks, environmental changes and real-time coaching and support from our mentor staff.   Speech and Language Pathology is often a helpful intervention which is offered in both group and individual settings. 

Cascade cultivated a healthy milieu that provides affirming approaches in the treatment of Anxiety and ASD.  Therapists and staff are empathetic and offer real-time guidance to reinforce  skills that are being learned through groups, individual and family therapy. Through our individualized and affirming approaches, we create an environment in which students with ASD can work towards a decrease in debilitating Anxiety symptoms while also practicing self-advocacy and self-compassion. While ASD and Anxiety Disorders can be complex, Cascade Program’s use of evidence-based affirming practices allows students with ASD to challenge their Anxiety and reengage in healthy life practices. 

Amy Griffin
Clinical Director
Cascade Academy